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The Russo-Ukrainian War is, for anyone that follows the weapons deployed by both Ukraine and Russia, a war of old and new arms technology. Both sides utilize weapons that saw manufacture in World War Two and built in the following decade past 1945. One example is shown here, the AZP S-60 57mm anti-aircraft gun. Standing for Avtomaticheskaya Zenitnaya Pushka (Automatic Anti-Aircraft Gun), the AZP S-60 first appeared in prototype form in 1946 and was accepted for service in 1950. Originally designed as a short- and medium range anti-aircraft gun, it is woefully obsolete in that role today without modern upgrades such as fully powered gun controls, improved ammunition,k and guidance systems. Instead, both the Ukrainians and the Russians are primarily using the AZP S-60 on ad-hoc self-propelled mountings as a rapid fire, short range artillery gun.
Normally, the AZP S-60 is mounted on a four-wheel carriage with outriggers to stabilize the platform when in action. The centrally mounted turntable permits 360 degrees of traverse while the gun mount allows for 85 degrees of maximum elevation and 4 degrees of depression. The combat weight of the AZP S-60 is five tons and a full crew consists of seven men. A 7mm thick gun shield offers a measure of protection to the gun crew from light small arms calibers and shell splinters. Typical gun crew in action is four men of which three are provided with seats (commander and two gunners to operate the power assisted, manual traverse and elevation/depression controls) and a loader. The remainder of the men are typically ammunition handlers, pushing clips to the loader. Speaking of clips, the AZP S-60 is fed from four-round clips which are pushed into a horizontal loading tray on the left side of the weapon. A well trained crew can maintain a sustained rate of fire of 70 rounds per minute though the AZP S-60 is capable of 120 rounds per minute.
The series of photographs here are screen captures from two different videos showing Ukrainian AZP S-60 crews in action, both posted on social media in February and March 2025. The first two show one of the self-propelled mountings, this particular one using a KamAZ-4310 6x6 truck. This is a typical mount, simply placing the gun and turntable onto a flat deck. The gun shield's upper half is folded down to lower the profile while to the left of the image (as one looks at it), the seat for the gunner can be seen along with the dual controls that raise and lower the gun. It is this gunner who fires the AZP S-60 via a foot trigger. Wooden crates of ammunition are lashed down to the bed. On the roof the KamAZ-4310's cab are at least two drone jammers. The next image shows the gun in action. The loader and commander are holding onto the traverse controls as the gun recoils and causes the truck to rock. The seat for the gunner who would have managed the traverse and the commander's seat (in the middle) have been removed though their mounts can be seen by the feet of the commander. As the gun is being used for indirect fire, to the right of the image is a panoramic periscope sight to enable the gunner to aim the weapon. Also of note, just behind the loader is a ready rack with a full clip for him to grab and load once the weapon is empty.
The second set show a AZP S-60 crew from the 112th. Territorial Defense Brigade preparing their gun for action while on a firing range. They are firing the UOR-281U HE-T (High-Explosive Tracer) ammunition. The sequence shows one of the ammunition handlers pushing the 4-round clip into the breech while the last image shows the loader cocking the charging handle. At this point, the weapon is ready to fire. Using such ammunition, the maximum range is around 3.8 miles.
